Which module implements pseudo-random number generators in Python?

The random module is designed specifically for generating pseudo-random numbers in Python. It provides various functions to generate random numbers, select random items from a sequence, shuffle items, and much more. The main focus of this module is to provide tools for randomness, making it easy for developers to incorporate random elements into their programs, such as simulating dice rolls, drawing samples from a population, or creating randomized gaming scenarios.

Each function in the random module uses algorithms designed to produce sequences of numbers that approximate the properties of random numbers, hence the term "pseudo-random". These functions are built on established algorithms that ensure good statistical properties, which can be suitable for many applications, although they may not be suitable for cryptographic purposes.

The other modules listed serve different purposes: the math module focuses on mathematical functions, the statistics module provides statistical functions, and the os module is associated with operating system interactions. None of these modules are designed specifically to generate random numbers, which solidifies the random module as the correct choice for this question.